Author: esteban

  • First Sky Map from NASA’s SPHEREx Observatory

    First Sky Map from NASA’s SPHEREx Observatory

    A map of the entire sky, as seen by NASA's SPHEREx Observatory. The image features a selection of colors emitted primarily by stars (blue, green, and white), hot hydrogen gas (blue), and cosmic dust (red).
    NASA’s SPHEREx Observatory has mapped the entire sky in 102 infrared colors, as seen here in this image released on Dec. 18, 2025. This image features a selection of colors emitted primarily by stars (blue, green, and white), hot hydrogen gas (blue), and cosmic dust (red).
    NASA/JPL-Caltech

    NASA’s SPHEREx Observatory has mapped the entire sky in 102 infrared colors, as seen here in this image released on Dec. 18, 2025. This image features a selection of colors emitted primarily by stars (blue, green, and white), hot hydrogen gas (blue), and cosmic dust (red).

    While not visible to the human eye, these 102 infrared wavelengths of light are prevalent in the cosmos, and observing the entire sky this way enables scientists to answer big questions, including how a dramatic event that occurred in the first billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the big bang influenced the 3D distribution of hundreds of millions of galaxies in our universe. In addition, scientists will use the data to study how galaxies have changed over the universe’s nearly 14-billion-year history and learn about the distribution of key ingredients for life in our own galaxy.

    Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

  • Diving Into Human Spaceflight Safety with NASA Johnson’s Craig Shannon

    Diving Into Human Spaceflight Safety with NASA Johnson’s Craig Shannon

    Growing up in Houston, Craig Shannon was always inspired by NASA and the spirit of exploration the agency represents. Yet it was a passion for scuba diving that unexpectedly led to his more than 23-year career at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.

    Shannon became a certified diver and scuba instructor while earning his bachelor’s degree in communications from Stephen F. Austin State University. He happened to meet divers from NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) at a local environmental cleanup event during his senior year. “The encounter planted a seed,” he said.

    A man wearing a black wetsuit floats with his head above water in a large swimming pool.
    Craig Shannon during a dive in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory pool at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.
    Image courtesy of Craig Shannon

    Shannon was hired as an NBL diver shortly after graduation, launching what would become a 19-year career in dive operations. He progressed through a variety of roles – from utility diver, instructor, and training officer, to dive operations lead, training group lead, and ultimately, dive operations manager. “Each role deepened my understanding of operational excellence, safety, and leadership in high-performance environments,” he said. Shannon added that becoming the dive operations manager was one of the defining points of his career. “I had the privilege of leading an exceptional team and contributing directly to astronaut training and operational excellence.”

    Seeking new challenges and opportunities for professional growth, Shannon transitioned to a test safety officer position at Johnson for about four years, expanding his knowledge of technical risk management in different environments. He returned to the NBL in 2025, this time as a safety officer. In that role, Shannon works to protect employees’ well-being and the facility’s operational integrity. His responsibilities are a mix of proactive safety initiatives – such as facility inspections, safety training, and communication – and incident response, which involves investigating mishaps and close calls and developing corrective action plans to prevent recurrence. He also serves as an internal technical consultant, fielding safety-related questions from employees and visitors and providing guidance that complies with Occupational Safety and Health Administration and NASA safety standards.

    “I work across functions with operations, engineering, medical, and training teams to integrate safety into all daily processes and long-term planning,” he said. “It brings full circle my commitment to the safety and success of human spaceflight training.”

    A man in a blue polo shirt inspects the spacesuit worn by another man.
    Former NASA astronaut Mike Massimino helps Craig Shannon suit up for a suited test dive in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory pool.
    Image courtesy of Craig Shannon

    Shannon acknowledged that not having an engineering degree has made work more challenging at times, but it has not hindered his advancement. “I’ve earned key positions by committing myself to continuous learning, gaining in-depth knowledge of the technical areas I work in, and consistently demonstrating dedication to both my employers and my career,” he said. “My path has required hard work, adaptability, and a proactive approach to professional growth, which I view as strengths that have allowed me to contribute meaningfully in a highly technical setting.”

    Shannon has also learned the importance of embracing change. “Change isn’t always easy, but it’s often where the most learning and development happen,” he said. “Whether it was stepping into leadership for the first time, shifting into a new field, or returning to a familiar place with a new purpose, each transition brought growth I never could have anticipated.” He added that patience, accountability, and empathy are important leadership qualities that help build stronger, more resilient teams.

    While Shannon takes pride in his work, he said his family is his greatest achievement. “I’m most proud of raising three amazing children with my wife, Kimberley. They have been my grounding force and greatest inspiration,” he said.

    A family of five - a man, wife, and their three children - stand on the sand of a Florida beach on a sunny day.
    Craig Shannon, his wife Kimberley, and their three children enjoy family time at the beach in Florida.
    Image courtesy of Craig Shannon

    He is also the proud co-owner of a local scuba diving company, which allows him to combine his love for diving, travel, and community. “I’ve had the privilege of leading dive trips around the world with groups of amazing people—sharing unforgettable underwater experiences and fostering a strong, adventurous dive community,” he said. “It’s a way for me to stay connected to the roots of my diving career and continue exploring the world through the lens of curiosity and connection.”

    He encourages the next generation to find something they are passionate about. “It’s important to be genuinely excited about what you do and to face the challenges ahead with determination and curiosity,” he said. “That energy, paired with a willingness to adapt and grow, has carried me through each phase of my career. Challenges will come, but how you meet them defines your path.”

  • Reaching the Precipice in Angola 

    This satellite image centers on the serrated edge of the Huila plateau in Angola. The sheer cliff wall forms a rough C shape and is highlighted by dark shadows and a band of green vegetation. The lowlands to the left are tan-colored arid coastal plains, and the more-temperate plateau on the right side is greener.
    June 19-20, 2025

    In southwestern Angola, an expanse of coastal plains comes to an abrupt end at a natural barrier. The Huíla plateau soars above the lowlands to elevations of around 2,300 meters (7,500 feet). The sharp transition results in dramatic landscapes and a sudden change from an arid environment to more-temperate climes.  

    The serrated edge of the Huíla plateau zigzags through this image, which is a mosaic of scenes acquired on June 19 and 20, 2025, with the OLI-2 (Operational Land Imager-2) and OLI on the Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 satellites, respectively. Areas around the plateau’s edges appear green with vegetation. But the landscape tends to look much browner by late September, at the end of the region’s dry season, during which almost no rain falls.  

    This topography is part of the Great Escarpment of southern Africa, a 5,000-kilometer-long feature running roughly parallel to the continent’s edge. From Angola, it extends south through Namibia, across South Africa, and then northeast into Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The image below, acquired with the VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) on the Suomi NPP satellite, shows a longer segment of the escarpment in Angola.  

    A satellite image of southwestern Angola shows light-colored coastal desert to the left and a darker plateau to the right. These are separated by a jagged boundary tinged with green, part of the Great Escarpment of southern Africa. The Atlantic Ocean, mostly cloud-covered, runs along the left edge of the image.
    June 20, 2025

    Scientists believe the escarpment formed after the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana in the Jurassic period. Since then, erosion has worn away at the continental margin such that the escarpment now sits 50 to 200 kilometers (30 to 120 miles) back from the coast.   

    This Angolan section of the escarpment features dizzying, yet beautiful, landscapes. Tundavala Gap, a gouge eroded into the cliff line (below), is one of the most iconic with its well-framed view of the plains below. The precipice also presents a substantial obstacle to transportation. A stretch of the Namibe-Lubango Road overcomes this challenge with a series of scenic hairpin turns climbing to Serra da Leba pass near the town of Leba.  

    Sheer cliff walls on the right and left sides of this photograph make a V shape in the foreground. Some light green shrubs grow from cracks in the rock. The ground visible in the opening between the cliffs is far below.
    March 11, 2014

    Lubango, one of Angola’s largest cities, occupies a valley on the Huíla plateau. In addition to its remarkable natural surroundings, the city boasts a diverse mix of cultures, striking architecture, and a wide variety of locally produced foods.  

    NASA Earth Observatory images by Wanmei Liang, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCEGIBS/Worldview, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). Photo of Tundavala Gap © jbdodane.com. Story by Lindsey Doermann. 

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  • The Ultimate Guide to Luxury Cars: Performance, Prestige, and Innovation

    In the world of automotive excellence, luxury cars represent the pinnacle of engineering, design, and craftsmanship. These magnificent machines are more than just vehicles; they are symbols of achievement, technological marvels, and works of art on wheels.

    Luxury Mercedes-Benz AMG Sports Car

    What Defines a Luxury Car?

    Luxury cars are distinguished by several key characteristics that set them apart from regular vehicles. Premium materials like hand-stitched leather, real wood trim, and brushed aluminum create an atmosphere of sophistication. Advanced technology features include cutting-edge infotainment systems, driver assistance technologies, and connectivity options that seamlessly integrate with your digital lifestyle.

    Performance is another hallmark of luxury vehicles. Whether it’s the silky-smooth acceleration of a high-end sedan or the breathtaking power of a supercar, these vehicles deliver driving experiences that are simply unmatched. The attention to detail in every aspect, from the weight of the door closing to the precision of the steering response, reflects the manufacturer’s commitment to excellence.

    Iconic Luxury Car Brands

    Mercedes-Benz has been synonymous with luxury for over a century. From the elegant S-Class to the powerful AMG performance line, Mercedes continues to innovate while maintaining its reputation for comfort and prestige.

    Ferrari represents the ultimate in automotive passion and performance. These Italian supercars are not just vehicles; they’re rolling sculptures that combine breathtaking design with incredible engineering prowess.

    Ferrari Supercar - Italian Luxury and Performance

    BMW brings “The Ultimate Driving Machine” philosophy to life with vehicles that perfectly balance luxury and performance. Their innovative technologies and dynamic handling have earned them a dedicated following worldwide.

    Audi is renowned for its “Vorsprung durch Technik” (advancement through technology) approach, consistently introducing groundbreaking features that eventually become industry standards.

    The Investment Perspective

    While luxury cars are primarily purchased for enjoyment and prestige, certain models can also serve as sound investments. Limited edition supercars, classic vintage models, and vehicles from prestigious manufacturers often appreciate in value over time. The key is selecting models with historical significance, limited production runs, or exceptional performance credentials.

    The Future of Luxury Automobiles

    The luxury car industry is rapidly evolving with the integration of electric powertrains, autonomous driving technologies, and sustainable materials. Brands like Tesla have demonstrated that electric vehicles can deliver both luxury and performance, while traditional manufacturers are investing heavily in electrification to meet changing consumer demands and environmental regulations.

    Tomorrow’s luxury cars will feature even more advanced connectivity, artificial intelligence integration, and personalization options that adapt to individual preferences and driving styles.

    Conclusion

    Luxury cars represent the perfect fusion of artistry, engineering excellence, and cutting-edge technology. Whether you’re drawn to the timeless elegance of a Mercedes-Benz, the raw excitement of a Ferrari, or the innovative spirit of emerging electric luxury brands, these vehicles offer experiences that transcend mere transportation. They are statements of personal success, technological achievement, and automotive passion.

    As the industry continues to evolve, one thing remains constant: the pursuit of automotive perfection that defines the luxury car segment. For enthusiasts and collectors alike, these extraordinary machines will continue to represent the very best of what’s possible when engineering meets artistry.

    The Music Group
    134759303@N04

  • La Playa de Conil: Un Paraíso Andaluz en la Costa de la Luz

    La playa de Conil de la Frontera, ubicada en la hermosa provincia de Cádiz, es uno de los destinos más cautivadores de la Costa de la Luz andaluza. Con sus extensas playas de arena dorada y aguas cristalinas, este rincón del sur de España ofrece una experiencia única tanto para familias como para viajeros en busca de tranquilidad.

    Playa de arena con olas del océano

    ## Un Destino de Ensueño

    Conil se caracteriza por sus amplias playas que se extienden a lo largo de varios kilómetros, ofreciendo espacios tanto para el relax como para la práctica de deportes acuáticos. Sus aguas atlánticas, de un azul intenso, invitan al baño y proporcionan el escenario perfecto para actividades como el surf, windsurf y kitesurf.

    ## Atardeceres Mágicos

    Uno de los mayores atractivos de la playa de Conil son sus espectaculares atardeceres. Cuando el sol comienza a descender hacia el horizonte atlántico, el cielo se tiñe de tonos dorados, naranjas y rojizos que se reflejan en las aguas tranquilas, creando un espectáculo visual inolvidable.

    Hermoso atardecer en la playa con cielo colorido

    ## Gastronomía y Cultura Local

    El pueblo de Conil mantiene su auténtico carácter andaluz, con sus casas blancas, calles estrechas y una rica tradición gastronómica. Los chiringuitos a pie de playa ofrecen el mejor pescado fresco y mariscos, mientras que el famoso atún rojo de la zona es considerado una delicia culinaria de primer nivel.

    ## Un Refugio Natural

    La playa de Conil forma parte de un ecosistema dunar protegido, donde la vegetación autóctona convive en armonía con el entorno marino. Este equilibrio natural hace de la zona un destino ideal para quienes buscan conectar con la naturaleza sin renunciar a las comodidades de un destino turístico bien desarrollado.

    Ya sea para disfrutar de un día de sol y playa, practicar deportes acuáticos o simplemente contemplar uno de los atardeceres más hermosos de España, la playa de Conil de la Frontera se presenta como un destino imprescindible en cualquier visita a Andalucía.

  • Guía Completa para una Dieta Equilibrada y Saludable

    Introducción a la Alimentación Saludable

    Una dieta equilibrada es la base fundamental para mantener una buena salud y bienestar general. No se trata de restricciones severas o de privarse de los alimentos que amas, sino de sentirte genial, tener más energía y mejorar tu salud.

    Principios Básicos de una Dieta Saludable

    1. Variedad de Alimentos
    Una dieta saludable incluye alimentos de todos los grupos principales:
    – Frutas y verduras frescas
    – Cereales integrales
    – Proteínas magras (pescado, pollo, legumbres)
    – Lácteos bajos en grasa
    – Grasas saludables (aceite de oliva, frutos secos)

    2. Hidratación Adecuada
    El agua es esencial para todas las funciones corporales. Se recomienda beber al menos 8 vasos de agua al día, aunque esta cantidad puede variar según la actividad física y el clima.

    Planificación de Comidas

    Desayuno: Incluye proteínas, carbohidratos complejos y frutas. Ejemplo: avena con frutas y nueces.

    Almuerzo: Combina proteínas magras con vegetales y cereales integrales. Ejemplo: ensalada de pollo con quinoa.

    Cena: Opta por comidas ligeras pero nutritivas. Ejemplo: pescado al horno con verduras.

    Consejos Prácticos

    – Come despacio y disfruta cada bocado
    – Controla las porciones sin obsesionarte
    – Incluye al menos 5 porciones de frutas y verduras al día
    – Limita el consumo de alimentos procesados y azúcares añadidos
    – Escucha a tu cuerpo y come cuando tengas hambre

    Beneficios de una Dieta Equilibrada

    Una alimentación saludable puede ayudarte a:
    – Mantener un peso corporal adecuado
    – Reducir el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas
    – Mejorar los niveles de energía
    – Fortalecer el sistema inmunológico
    – Mejorar el estado de ánimo y la concentración

    Conclusión

    Adoptar una dieta saludable es un proceso gradual. Comienza con pequeños cambios y ve incorporando hábitos saludables poco a poco. Recuerda que la consistencia es más importante que la perfección.

    Consulta siempre con un profesional de la salud antes de hacer cambios significativos en tu dieta, especialmente si tienes condiciones médicas específicas.

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  • El planeta Mercurio

    Mercurio es el planeta más cercano al Sol y el más pequeño del sistema solar. Debido a su proximidad al Sol, experimenta temperaturas extremas: muy altas durante el día y muy bajas por la noche.

    No tiene atmósfera significativa, lo que significa que no puede retener el calor. Su superficie está cubierta de cráteres, similares a los de la Luna, resultado de miles de millones de años de impactos.

    Mercurio tarda aproximadamente 88 días terrestres en completar una órbita alrededor del Sol y rota lentamente sobre su eje. A pesar de su tamaño, tiene un núcleo metálico muy grande, lo que le da un campo magnético débil pero existente.

  • El lado oculto de la luna: mitos, ciencia y lo que aún nos queda por descubrir

    ¿Y si te dijera que el misterio más persistente no está “allá afuera”, sino justo al otro lado de lo que ya miramos cada noche? El lado oculto de la luna ha alimentado teorías, leyendas y debates científicos durante décadas, no porque sea mágico, sino porque es difícil de observar desde la Tierra. Lo interesante es que, cuanto más se investiga, más matices aparecen: no es “oscuro” en sentido literal, pero sí es el hemisferio menos familiar. Y eso lo convierte en una mina de preguntas fascinantes.

    Además, entender por qué existe una cara visible y otra escondida abre la puerta a conceptos clave como la rotación síncrona, la historia de impactos y el futuro de la exploración espacial. A continuación, vamos a recorrer el tema con mirada crítica, sin perder la emoción de lo desconocido.

    ¿Qué es realmente el lado oculto de la luna?

    Empecemos por lo básico: el lado oculto de la luna es el hemisferio lunar que, desde la Tierra, no vemos directamente. La Luna tarda lo mismo en rotar sobre su eje que en orbitar nuestro planeta, un fenómeno llamado acoplamiento de marea o rotación síncrona. Por eso, siempre nos muestra la misma cara.

    Sin embargo, “oculto” no significa “sin luz”. Ese hemisferio recibe luz solar igual que el visible: cuando aquí vemos Luna nueva, el lado oculto está iluminado; y cuando aquí hay Luna llena, el lado oculto queda en noche lunar. Dicho esto, su invisibilidad desde la Tierra lo volvió terreno fértil para mitos y especulación.

    Por qué no vemos la cara oculta: rotación síncrona y libración

    Ahora bien, ¿la Luna está “pegada” mirando siempre hacia nosotros? No exactamente, pero casi. La gravedad terrestre frenó su rotación hace miles de millones de años hasta que quedó sincronizada. Desde entonces, el mismo hemisferio apunta, en promedio, hacia la Tierra.

    Aun así, existe un pequeño “balanceo” llamado libración que permite ver desde la Tierra un poco más del 50% de la superficie lunar a lo largo del tiempo. Es como si la Luna hiciera un leve vaivén. Ese detalle es importante porque demuestra que el “lado oculto” no es un muro perfecto, sino una región mayormente fuera de nuestra línea de visión directa.

    Con esa base clara, pasemos a lo que suele sorprender más: el lado oculto no se parece tanto al visible.

    Diferencias entre la cara visible y el lado oculto de la luna

    Una de las diferencias más llamativas es el contraste entre los mares lunares (zonas oscuras de lava solidificada) y las regiones montañosas claras. En la cara visible abundan los mares, mientras que el lado oculto está dominado por terrenos altos y craterizados.

    ¿Por qué? Las explicaciones más aceptadas apuntan a variaciones en el grosor de la corteza lunar y a la historia térmica interna. Si la corteza era más gruesa en el hemisferio lejano, habría sido más difícil que la lava emergiera y rellenara grandes cuencas, dejando menos “mares” y un aspecto más áspero.

    Además, el lado oculto alberga estructuras enormes como la cuenca Polo Sur–Aitken, uno de los cráteres de impacto más grandes del Sistema Solar. Ese tipo de cicatrices antiguas guarda información sobre el bombardeo temprano de meteoritos y sobre los materiales profundos expuestos por impactos colosales.

    Mitos y verdades: lo que NO es el lado oscuro

    Entre transición y transición, conviene separar ciencia de ficción. No existe un “lado permanentemente oscuro” de la Luna. Tampoco hay evidencia científica seria de bases ocultas ni fenómenos sobrenaturales asociados a esa región por el hecho de estar fuera de vista.

    Lo que sí existe es un entorno extremo: noches de dos semanas, días de dos semanas, temperaturas que varían de forma brutal y un terreno muy craterizado. Ese escenario, por sí solo, ya es suficientemente desafiante y extraordinario.

    Otro punto: el lado oculto es mucho más silencioso en términos de interferencia radioeléctrica terrestre. Y eso lo hace valioso, no misterioso por magia, sino por física.

    Exploración del lado oculto de la luna: de las primeras fotos a Chang’e

    La primera vez que la humanidad vio el hemisferio lejano fue gracias a sondas espaciales. En 1959, la soviética Luna 3 logró fotografiarlo, aunque con calidad limitada. A partir de ahí, misiones posteriores cartografiaron la superficie con enorme detalle, revelando su geología singular.

    En años recientes, el programa chino Chang’e dio un salto histórico con aterrizajes y operaciones robóticas en el lado oculto. Para comunicarse con la Tierra, estas misiones emplean satélites repetidores, porque la Luna bloquea la línea directa. Ese detalle técnico muestra por qué esta región es más compleja de explorar y por qué cada avance implica ingeniería de alto nivel.

    Gracias a instrumentos modernos, hoy se analizan composiciones minerales, distribución de regolito, y posibles depósitos en regiones polares. Y esto nos lleva de forma natural a la gran pregunta: ¿para qué sirve explorar allí?

    Por qué el lado oculto de la luna importa para la ciencia y el futuro

    Primero, por astronomía de radio. Un radiotelescopio en el lado oculto estaría protegido de gran parte del “ruido” tecnológico de la Tierra, lo que permitiría captar señales muy débiles del universo temprano. En otras palabras, es un lugar privilegiado para escuchar el cosmos con menos interferencias.

    Segundo, por geología planetaria. Como tiene menos mares, expone más terreno antiguo. Estudiarlo ayuda a reconstruir la historia de impactos y el enfriamiento de la Luna, y por extensión, la historia temprana del sistema Tierra-Luna.

    Tercero, por logística de exploración. Aunque establecer bases allí es más difícil por comunicaciones, también ofrece oportunidades: zonas polares con posibles reservas de hielo de agua, plataformas para experimentos y una “escuela” perfecta para operar lejos de la infraestructura terrestre. Todo lo aprendido en la Luna se traduce en capacidades para misiones a Marte.

    Cómo aprender más (y mejor) sobre el lado oculto sin caer en desinformación

    Si quieres profundizar, prioriza fuentes con datos verificables: agencias espaciales, publicaciones científicas divulgadas y mapas topográficos de misiones orbitales. Comparar imágenes del hemisferio visible y del lejano es un ejercicio excelente para entrenar el ojo y detectar diferencias reales, no narrativas inventadas.

    También puedes seguir lanzamientos y reportes de misiones activas, porque cada instrumento nuevo añade piezas al rompecabezas. Y, si te interesa la observación, aprovecha la libración para identificar bordes y cráteres cercanos al limbo lunar, conectando lo que ves desde casa con lo que capturan las sondas.

    El lado oculto de la luna no es un portal de fantasía: es un laboratorio natural que combina historia antigua, retos técnicos y oportunidades científicas únicas. Si conviertes la curiosidad en hábitos—leer fuentes sólidas, mirar mapas, seguir misiones—vas a descubrir que lo “oculto” no es lo desconocido para siempre, sino lo desconocido hasta que decides aprender a mirarlo mejor.

  • NASA’s IXPE Measures White Dwarf Star for First Time

    This artist’s concept depicts a smaller white dwarf star pulling material from a larger star, right, into an accretion disk. Earlier this year, scientists used NASA’s IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarization Explorer) to study a white dwarf star and its X-ray polarization.
    This artist’s concept depicts a smaller white dwarf star pulling material from a larger star, right, into an accretion disk. Earlier this year, scientists used NASA’s IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarization Explorer) to study a white dwarf star and its X-ray polarization.
    MIT/Jose-Luis Olivares

    By Michael Allen 
     
    For the first time, scientists have used NASA’s IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarization Explorer) to study a white dwarf star. Using IXPE’s unique X-ray polarization capability, astronomers examined a star called the intermediate polar EX Hydrae, unlocking the geometry of energetic binary systems. 
     
    In 2024, IXPE spent nearly one week focused on EX Hydrae, a white dwarf star system located in the constellation Hydra, approximately 200 light-years from Earth. A paper about the results published in the Astrophysical Journal. Astrophysics research scientists based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge led the study, along with co-authors at the University of Iowa, East Tennessee State University, University of Liége, and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. 
     
    A white dwarf star occurs after a star runs out of hydrogen fuel to fuse in its core but is not massive enough to explode as core-collapse supernovae. What remains is very dense, roughly the same diameter as Earth with as much mass as our Sun.  
     
    EX Hydrae is in a binary system with a main sequence companion star, from which gas is continuously falling onto the white dwarf. How exactly the white dwarf is accumulating, or accreting, this matter and where it arrives on the white dwarf depends on the strength of the white dwarf star’s magnetic field. 
     
    In the case of EX Hydrae, its magnetic field is not strong enough to focus matter completely at the star’s poles. But, it is still rapidly adding mass to the accretion disk, earning the classification “intermediate polars. 

    In an intermediate polar system, material forms an accretion disk while also being pulled towards its magnetic poles. During this phenomenon, matter reaches tens of millions of degrees Fahrenheit, bouncing off other material bound to the white dwarf star, creating large columns of gas that emit high-energy X-rays – a cosmic situation perfect for IXPE to study.

    “NASA IXPE’s one-of-a-kind polarimetry capability allowed us to measure the height of the accreting column from the white dwarf star to be almost 2,000 miles high – without as many assumptions required as past calculations,” said Sean Gunderson, MIT scientist and lead author on the paper. “The X-rays we observed likely scattered off the white dwarf’s surface itself. These features are far smaller than we could hope to image directly and clearly show the power of polarimetry to ‘see’ these sources in detail never before possible.”

    Information from IXPE’s polarization data of EX Hydrae will help scientists understand other highly energetic binary systems.

    More about IXPE 

     The IXPE mission, which continues to provide unprecedented data enabling groundbreaking discoveries about celestial objects across the universe, is a joint NASA and Italian Space Agency mission with partners and science collaborators in 12 countries. It is led by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. BAE Systems, Inc., headquartered in Falls Church, Virginia, manages spacecraft operations together with the University of Colorado’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics in Boulder. Learn more about IXPE’s ongoing mission here: 

    https://www.nasa.gov/ixpe